Horny Goat Weed as an Aphrodisiac
Herbal Remedy May Work as Well as Viagra for Erectile Dysfunction
Oct 10, 2008
Horny goat weed (also known as barrenwort, yin yang huo and herba epimedii) refers to several plant species in the genus Epimedium, such as Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium sagittatum and Epimedium koreanum. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. But does it make people horny?
Research on Icariin
The active ingredient in horny goat weed is thought to be a chemical named icariin. Several studies have shown that icariin acts similar to the pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It increases blood flow to the penis by inhibiting the enzyme PDE-5A1 (phosphodiesterase 5-A1), but was more selective towards that enzyme than sildenafil (Viagra), resulting in fewer side effects.
Interestingly horny goat weed seems to have other beneficial properties as well. Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and even nootropic (cognition enhancing) action has been reported, though mostly in animal studies. Icariin may also reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
In light of these findings, it is possible that horny goat weed could help impotence by several different mechanisms, not just by making it easier to achieve erection - after all, the brain is our most important sex organ.
Use in Women
It is not known whether horny goat weed alleviates sexual dysfunction in women. Viagra is not an aphrodisiac (libido enhancer), it merely increases blood flow to the penis and does not work in the absence of sexual arousal. However, as mentioned above, horny goat weed may have other mechanisms of action.
One study did find Viagra helpful for women in the treatment of sexual dysfunction caused by antidepressants, so this presents a possible indication for horny goat weed. Herbs in the genus Epimedium have also been used to treat symptoms of menopause.
Side Effects
There are reports of horny goat weed occasionally causing insomnia, dizziness and rapid heartbeat. It should not be used by those for whom sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis) is contraindicated, such as those with hypotension (low blood pressure), some retinal (eye) disorders and those taking nitrate drugs (nitroglycerin).
There has been no research to determine whether horny goat weed may have drug interactions. Many herbs can interfere with the metabolism of some drugs. If you are taking any prescription drugs, it would be a good idea to consult your doctor before taking horny goat weed.
Many products containing Chinese herbs have been found to be contaminated by heavy metals. Thus, those who want to try out horny goat weed should purchase products from a reliable, well-known manufacturer instead of ordering on shady websites.
References
Dell'Agli M, Galli GV, Dal Cero E, et al. Potent inhibition of human phosphodiesterase-5 by icariin derivatives. J Nat Prod. 2008 Sep;71(9):1513-7.
Nurnberg HG, Hensley PL, Heiman JR, et al. Sildenafil treatment of women with antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Jul 23;300(4):395-404.
